Conjunctions | Use of Correlative Conjunctions
यदि not only का प्रयोग noun से पूर्व हुआ है तो but also का प्रयोग भी noun से पूर्व होना चाहिए।
Correlative Conjunctions
1. Not only.....but also
Not only.....but also एक Correlative Conjunction है इसमें मुख्य बिन्दु यह है कि यदि not only का प्रयोग noun से पूर्व हुआ है तो but also का प्रयोग भी noun से पूर्व होना चाहिए। यदि not only का प्रयोग verb से पूर्व हुआ है तो but also का प्रयोग भी verb से पूर्व होना आवश्यक है।
Look at the following sentences:
Ram is watching not only T.V. but also playing football. (Incorrect)
Not only Ram gave me five coins, but also thanked me. (Incorrect)
Ram not only gave me five coins but also thanked me. (Correct)
(i)
Mohan is not a student.
Mohan is not a player.
Mohan is neither a student nor a player,
(ii)
She is not cooking.
She is not watching T.V.
She is neither cooking nor watching TV.
(iii)
Suresh does not play.
Suresh does not read.
Suresh neither plays nor reads
सामान्य नियम
1. जब Subject एक ही है तो इस तरह वाक्यों के common भाग को सबसे पहले लिखें, फिर neither लिखें। उसके बाद पहले वाक्य का शेष भाग लिख दें। उसके बाद nor लिखें।
ध्यान रखें यदि Article a/an का प्रयोग हुआ है तो वह दोनों बार अलग-अलग लिखा जायेगा।
(i)
Rajesh plays chess.
Rajesh watches T.V.
Rajesh either plays chess or watches T.V.
Look at the following sentences:
Ram is watching not only T.V. but also playing football. (Incorrect)
Ram is not only watching T.V. but also playing football. (Correct)
वाक्य में not only का प्रयोग noun (TV) के पूर्व हुआ है, जबकि but also का प्रयोग verb (playing) के पूर्व हुआ है अतः गलत है
Not only Ram gave me five coins, but also thanked me. (Incorrect)
Ram not only gave me five coins but also thanked me. (Correct)
यह नियम सभी Correlative Conjunctions, जैसे: Either...or, Neither...nor, Both...and, Though....yet, Whether...or इत्यादि में समान रूप से लागू होता है। यह एक महत्त्वपूर्ण विन्दु है।
2. Neither......nor
इसके लिए दोनों वाक्यों का negative होना आवश्यक है।
A. जब कर्ता एक ही हो (When subject same):
Look at the following sentences:(i)
Mohan is not a student.
Mohan is not a player.
Mohan is neither a student nor a player,
(ii)
She is not cooking.
She is not watching T.V.
She is neither cooking nor watching TV.
(iii)
Suresh does not play.
Suresh does not read.
Suresh neither plays nor reads
सामान्य नियम
1. जब Subject एक ही है तो इस तरह वाक्यों के common भाग को सबसे पहले लिखें, फिर neither लिखें। उसके बाद पहले वाक्य का शेष भाग लिख दें। उसके बाद nor लिखें।
ध्यान रखें यदि Article a/an का प्रयोग हुआ है तो वह दोनों बार अलग-अलग लिखा जायेगा।
2. उसके बाद दूसरे वाक्य के common भाग को छोड़कर शेष भाग लिख दें।
3. ध्यान रखें दोनों वाक्यों में आया 'not' नहीं लिखना है। Subject singular है तो verb भी Singular लगती है।
4. यह भी ध्यान रखें कि neither एवं nor दोनों का प्रयोग दोनों भागो में noun/object/verb के सामने समान होगा। यदि neither के बाद noun आया है तो nor के बाद भी noun ही आयेगा।
(iv)
He does not play football.
He does not play hockey.
He neither plays football nor hockey. (Incorrect)
He plays neither football nor hockey. (Correct)
3. ध्यान रखें दोनों वाक्यों में आया 'not' नहीं लिखना है। Subject singular है तो verb भी Singular लगती है।
4. यह भी ध्यान रखें कि neither एवं nor दोनों का प्रयोग दोनों भागो में noun/object/verb के सामने समान होगा। यदि neither के बाद noun आया है तो nor के बाद भी noun ही आयेगा।
(iv)
He does not play football.
He does not play hockey.
He neither plays football nor hockey. (Incorrect)
He plays neither football nor hockey. (Correct)
B. जब कर्ता अलग-अलग हों (When subjects are different):
Look at the following sentences:
(i)
Suresh is not going to Delhi.
Ramesh is not going to Delhi.
Neither Suresh nor Ramesh is going to Delhi.
(i)
Suresh is not going to Delhi.
Ramesh is not going to Delhi.
Neither Suresh nor Ramesh is going to Delhi.
(ii)
Kali does not read.
Nisha does not read.
Neither Kali nor Nisha reads.
Kali does not read.
Nisha does not read.
Neither Kali nor Nisha reads.
(iii)
Kukku will not take tea.
Harsh will not take tea.
Neither Kukku nor Harsh will take tea.
सामान्य नियम
1. सबसे पहले Neither लिखें, फिर वाक्य को लिखें, फिर पहले वाक्य का Subject लिखे। इसके बाद nor लिखकर दूसरे वाक्य का Subject लिखें, फिर common भाग लिखें।
2. Nor के बाद लगने वाली verb, nor के साथ लगने वाले subject के अनुसार लगती है। वाक्य (i) में verb reads लगी है । verb का ध्यान रखें। ऐसे अन्य वाक्य देखें।
(iv)
They do not play cricket.
He does not play cricket.
Neither they nor he plays cricket.
Kukku will not take tea.
Harsh will not take tea.
Neither Kukku nor Harsh will take tea.
सामान्य नियम
1. सबसे पहले Neither लिखें, फिर वाक्य को लिखें, फिर पहले वाक्य का Subject लिखे। इसके बाद nor लिखकर दूसरे वाक्य का Subject लिखें, फिर common भाग लिखें।
2. Nor के बाद लगने वाली verb, nor के साथ लगने वाले subject के अनुसार लगती है। वाक्य (i) में verb reads लगी है । verb का ध्यान रखें। ऐसे अन्य वाक्य देखें।
(iv)
They do not play cricket.
He does not play cricket.
Neither they nor he plays cricket.
(v)
He does not write a letter.
They do not write a letter.
Neither he nor they write a letter.
(Verb should agree with the nearest subject.)
He does not write a letter.
They do not write a letter.
Neither he nor they write a letter.
(Verb should agree with the nearest subject.)
3. Either.....or
जब दोनों वाक्य affirmative में हों, तो इन्हें conjunction द्वारा जोड़ा जा सकता है। Neither ..... nor एवं either ...... or हेतु दो वाक्यों को जोड़ने के नियम समान हैं।
A. जब कर्ता एक हो (When the subject is same)
Look at the following sentences:(i)
Rajesh plays chess.
Rajesh watches T.V.
Rajesh either plays chess or watches T.V.
She writes a lesson.
She reads a book.
She either writes a lesson or reads a book.
(iii)
Sita plays chess.
Sita plays cricket.
Sita plays either chess or cricket.
B. जब कर्ता अलग-अलग हों (When subjects are different):
Look at the following sentences:
(i)
She plays cricket.
I play cricket.
Either she or I play cricket.
(ii)
Mahesh is playing.
They are playing.
Either Mahesh or they are playing.
(iii)
She will go to Mumbai.
They will go to Mumbai.
Either she or they will go to Mumbai.
4. Both ..... and
A जब कर्ता एक हो (When the subject is same)
Look at the following sentences:(i)
I am a teacher.
I am an author.
I am both a teacher and an author.
(ii)
I am an author.
I am both a teacher and an author.
(ii)
He will buy a car.
He will buy a book.
He will buy both a car and a book.
He will buy a book.
He will buy both a car and a book.
(iii)
Ram can write.
Ram can teach.
Ram can both write and teach.
Ram can teach.
Ram can both write and teach.
Note:Conjunction Both ...... and पर भी वही नियम लागू होते है जो Neither ...... or, Not only .... but also, Either .... or पर लागू होते हैं।
B. जब कर्ता अलग-अलग हों (When subjects are different):
Look at the following sentences:(i)
He is my friend.
She is my friend.
Both he and she are my friends.
(ii)
He is going to market.
She is going to the market.
Both he and she are going to the market.
(iii)
Ram will go to Jaipur.
Shyam will go to Jaipur.
Both Ram and Shyam will go to Jaipur.
सामान्य नियम
(a) जैसा पूर्व में स्पष्ट किया है. Both..... and, Conjunction द्वारा दो वाक्यों को जोड़ने पर सामान्यतया वे ही नियम लागू होते हैं जो Not only...... but also, Neither.... nor, Either .... or पर लागू होते हैं।(b) Both .... and का प्रयोग दो Individual subjects के लिए ही किया जाता है। यदि एक कर्ता He एवं दूसरा कर्ता they है तो conjunction का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है।
(c) दोनों कर्ता singular होने की स्थिति में Conjunction Both .... and का प्रयोग करने पर verb plural हो जाती है। [देखे वाक्य संख्या (i) और (ii)]
5. So ... that
Conjunction so ... that का प्रयोग सामान्यतया too ... to के प्रयुक्त वाक्य के transformation में किया जाता है।
Read the following sentences:
(a) He is too weak to walk.
He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Read the following sentences:
(a) He is too weak to walk.
He is so weak that he cannot walk.
(b) She is too old to climb up the hill.
She is so old that she cannot climb up the hill.
She is so old that she cannot climb up the hill.
(c) He was too tired to do any work.
He was so tired that he couldn't do any work.
(d) Rahul was too puzzled to speak anything properly.
He was so tired that he couldn't do any work.
(d) Rahul was too puzzled to speak anything properly.
Rahul was so puzzled that he could not speak anything properly.
सामान्य नियम
(a) Too .... to का प्रयोग करने वाले वाक्यों में जब so ..... that का प्रयोग किया जाता है, तो ध्यान रखें कि too की जगह so का प्रयोग करें, फिर too के बाद प्रयुक्त शब्द को लिखें।
(b) फिर that लिखकर subject को लिखें इसके बाद cannot लिखकर वाक्य में प्रयुक्त verb एवं object को लिख दें।
(a) Too .... to का प्रयोग करने वाले वाक्यों में जब so ..... that का प्रयोग किया जाता है, तो ध्यान रखें कि too की जगह so का प्रयोग करें, फिर too के बाद प्रयुक्त शब्द को लिखें।
(b) फिर that लिखकर subject को लिखें इसके बाद cannot लिखकर वाक्य में प्रयुक्त verb एवं object को लिख दें।
(c) यदि वाक्य Past tense में है तो cannot की जगह could not का प्रयोग किया जायेगा। so .... that का प्रयोग negative वाक्यों में किया जाता है।
6. No sooner ... than
Look at the following sentences:(i)
She arrives.
She begins to clean the house.
No sooner does she arrives than she begins to clean the house.
She begins to clean the house.
No sooner does she arrives than she begins to clean the house.
(ii)
The bell rang.
The students came out of their classes.
No sooner did the bell ring than the students came out of their classes.
(iii)
No sooner did the bell ring than the students came out of their classes.
(iii)
(a) I had reached the station.
(b) The train departed.
No sooner had I reached the station than the train departed.
(b) The train departed.
No sooner had I reached the station than the train departed.
सामान्य नियम
(1) No sooner के बाद (वाक्यों के Tense के अनसार) helping verb; do/does/did /had/had का प्रयोग होता है तथा फिर than का प्रयोग उक्त अनुसार होता है।
(2) Than की Spelling का ध्यान रखें यह 'Then' नहीं है।
7. Hardly had ... when
Look at the following sentences:(i)
She reached the station.
The train arrived.
As soon as she reached the station, the train arrived.
(ii)
He reached here.
She went to the market.
As soon as he reached here, she went to market.
सामान्य नियम
(1) Hardly के साथ when का प्रयोग होता है, than या अन्य Conjuction का नहीं।
(2) Hardly had लिखकर, पहला वाक्य पूरा लिख दें, फिर when लिखकर दूसरा वाक्य लिख दें। (3) Hardly had के बाद verb की third form लगेगी, यह एक महत्त्वपूर्ण बिन्दु है, इसका ध्यान रखें।
8. As soon as
Look at the following sentences(i)
She reached the station.
The train arrived.
As soon as she reached the station, the train arrived.
The train arrived.
As soon as she reached the station, the train arrived.
(ii)
He reached here.
She went to the market.
As soon as he reached here, she went to market.
She went to the market.
As soon as he reached here, she went to market.
सामान्य नियम
As soon as शुरू में लिखकर पहला वाक्य पूरा लिख दें। उसके बाद comma लगाकर दूसरा वाक्य पूरा लिख दे
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