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English Grammar

Use of Continuous | Perfect | Perfect Continuous Infinitives


Continuous Infinitive

जैसा कि पूर्व में बताया गया है Continuous Infinitive की form to be + Present Participle होती है।
Ram may be watching TV at this time.

Use of Continuous Infinitive

 A.  Auxiliary Verbs a will/shall/may/might/can/could/must/would/should Continuous Infinitive का प्रयोग निम्न प्रकार होता है:
They'll be playing now.
He might/maybe watching T.V.
He can't /couldn't be playing.
He can't /couldn't be watching T.V.
(The field is occupied by the election team.)
(Because the cable operators are on strike.)
She must be coming by morning train.
She shouldn't be reading a magazine.
She should be reading her textbooks.
They would be waiting for us.

 B.  Verbs, appear, happen, pretend, seem के साथ सामान्यतया continuous infinitive का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे 
I happened to be looking towards the road when the car stopped.
She seems to be following us.
He appears to be living in that area.
He pretended to be looking for a magazine.

Note
Continuous infinitive का प्रयोग Verbs, agree, arrange, decide determine, hope, manage, plan के साथ भी किया जा सकता है। जैसे:
I hope to be earning my living in a year's time.
I determined to be waiting at the door.
I agreed to be standing near the tree.

Perfect Infinitive

जैसा कि पूर्व में बताया गया है Perfect Infinitive की form to have + Past Participle जैसे: to have gone, to have completed होती है।

Use of Perfect Infinitive

 1.  Auxiliary Verbs के साथ Perfect Infinitive का प्रयोग: was/were के साथ Perfect Infinitive का प्रयोग एक unfulfilled Plan या arrangement को व्यक्त करता है। जैसे:
The house was to have been ready so far. (But it is not ready)
She was to have gone. (But she has not gone.)

 2.  Should/would/might/could के साथ Perfect Infinitive का प्रयोग Conditional sentence में किया जाता है। जैसे -
If I had seen him, I would have invited him.
If he had come to me, I might have helped him.
If she had informed me, I could have helped her.

ये सभी वाक्य, कार्य पूर्ण न होने को व्यक्त करते हैं।

 3.  may/might के साथ Perfect Infinitive का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे
He may/might have heard the news so far.
(It is possible that he has heard the news by now.)

यह कार्य पूर्ण होने की Probability को व्यक्त करता है।

 4.  Must के साथ Perfect Infinitive का प्रयोग एक निश्चितता (Certainty) को व्यक्त करता है। जैसे
The thief must have entered through this gate. (Here are his footprints.)

 5.  Needn't के साथ Perfect Infinitive का प्रयोग एक ऐसे Past action को व्यक्त करता है जिसकी आवश्यकता नहीं थी। जैसे:
He needn't have watered the plants. (As it rained a day before.)
You needn't have written him. (As I had telephonic discussions with him yesterday.)

Note
Verbs, appear, hope, pretend, seem का प्रयोग perfect infinitives के साथ निम्न प्रकार होता है:
He pretended to have learned the lesson.
He seemed to have been a great sportsman.
I happened to have driven that kind of jeep before.
He hopes that he will have finished his project by January.

निम्न Verbs के साथ perfect infinitive का प्रयोग Passive Voice में किया जाता है। ये Verbs है acknowledge, believe, consider, find, how, know, report, say, suppose, think, understand.
They are understood to have left the village.
He was believed to have a great artist.
She is thought to have information that will be useful to the police.
She is known to have been a great leader.

Perfect Continuous Infinitive

Perfect Continuous Infinitive a form to have been + Present Participle होती है ।

Use of Perfect Continuous Infinitive

The perfect continuous infinitive का प्रयोग verbs; appear, seem, happen, pretend के बाद किया जा सकता है। जैसे:
He seems to have been standing there since morning.
She appears to have been waiting for a long time.
He pretended to have been studying.
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