Specific Use of Infinitives Rules
निम्न Verbs के बाद सीधे ही Infinitive (With to) का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है
1. निम्न Verbs के बाद सीधे ही Infinitive (With to) का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है:
| agree | appear | aim | target | attempt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ask | claim | care | decide | learn |
| choose | pretend | condescend | determine | promise |
| resolve | prove | decline | to be determined | fail |
| swear | hesitate | threaten | undertake | long |
| manage | neglect | plan | prepare | be prepared |
| proceed | tend | trouble (negative) | volunteer | vow |
He agreed to pay 250 only.
They are preparing to evacuate the colony.
He refused to surrender,
I volunteered to help with bread and money,
They can't afford to live in this posh area.
I don't bother to answer any questions.
We failed to contact her in time.
2. निम्न Verbs का प्रयोग Verb+Object+Infinitive या Verb+Infinitive किसी भी प्रकार किया जा सकता है: expect, would hate, help, intend, like, would like, would love, mean, prefer, want, wish. जैसे
He likes to drink well.
He likes his friends to drink well.
I want to go.
I want you to go.
I asked him to come here.
I asked him to speak to Mrs. James.
I begged to go (Please let me go).
I begged him to go (Please go).
I expect her to arrive tomorrow,
I expect to arrive tomorrow.
ध्यान रखे
Care, hate, like, love एवं prefer के बाद Gerund का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।
3. कुछ Verbs का प्रयोग निम्न structure में किया जाता है
Verb + Object + Infinitive
| advise | forbid | entitle | allow |
|---|---|---|---|
| oblige | teach | bribe | order |
| tell command | implore | permit | tempt |
| compels | induce | persuade | instruct |
| remind | urge | encourage | invite |
| train | enable | warn | force |
| hear* | let* see* | watch* | feel* |
| help* | notice* | observe* | look at* |
(*) लगी हुई Verbs के साथ Infinitive without to (Bare infinitive) का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे:
He persuaded me to go with her.
I have trained these dogs to sniff out drugs.
He encouraged me to try again.
They forbade us to pluck the flowers.
These goggles will enable you to see in dim light.
We watched him clear the table.
They heard the thief crash through the door.
She made me do it.
We helped her finish the homework.
| Note |
|---|
| Verbs, show, teach, tell के साथ उक्त Structure में Infinitive का प्रयोग करते समय how का प्रयोग करना आवश्यक है। जैसे He showed me how to operate the machine. He told me how to replace a fuse. He taught me how to light a cigarette without a matchbox. जब कभी 'Skill' बहुत common हो तो how का प्रयोग नहीं भी किया जाता है। He taught me to ride. He taught me to write my name. |
4. Verb + How/what/when/where/which/why + infinitive
उक्त structure में सामान्तय verbs; ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see (=understand, perceive), think, understand, want to know, wonder, etc का प्रयोग किया जाता है। उसके अतिरिक्त उक्त structure में show+ object + wh-word + infinitive का भी प्रयोग होता है। जैसे:
He knows how to swim.
He discovered how to operate the machine.
I asked him, where to buy fruits at a reasonable rate.
I remember when to switch off the machine.
Tell me what to do.
He wants to know how to write a good letter.
I learned how to write a good precis.
I showed him which button to press.
I remembered to get a ticket.
I decided to do it.
| Note |
|---|
| Verbs; ask, decide, forget, learn, remember के बाद सीधे ही Infinitive का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है। जैसे She learned to drive a car. She decides to go to Jaipur. She asked to bring a copy. I remembered to get a ticket. |
I wonder whether to write or not.
I wanted to know whether to protest or keep silent.
6. Infinitive to the first, the second...... the last, the only area in a superlative degree of adjectives के साथ प्रयोग निम्न प्रकार होता है
Sita loves parties, she is always the first to arrive and the last to leave.
(the first who comes and the last who leaves).
He was the only one to survive the accident.
(the only one who survived).
It was the best play to be performed that year.
(means the best play that was performed that year).
7. Verbs; assume, believe, feel, suppose, consider, understand का प्रयोग निम्न structure में किया जाता है
Verb +object + to be:
I assume him to be the best athlete.
I consider him to be an honest person.
I thought her to be a dedicated teacher.
He is supposed to be washing the car.
8. निम्न nouns के बाद infinitive का प्रयोग सीधे ही किया जा सकता है। ये nouns हैं:
| ability | decision effort | promise | willingness |
|---|---|---|---|
| ambition | demand failure | refusal | wish |
| anxiety | determination | offer | request |
| desire | attempt | eagerness | plan |
| scheme |
He made an attempt to walk without support.
His ability to get the work done is his main asset.
failure to find the fault may result in termination.
Their offer/plan/promise to rebuild the house was not taken seriously.
His unwillingness to do his work may result in his dismissal.
She made an effort to solve the problem.
9. Infinitive after 'too',
(I) too + adjective + infinitive:
He is too weak to walk. (He is so weak that he cannot walk).
He is too young to get married. (He is so young that he cannot get married).
The box was too heavy to be carried by me.
The grass was too wet to sit on.
The light is too dim to read by
उपरोक्त वाक्यों में too के बाद adjective प्रयोग होने के बाद infinitive का प्रयोग हुआ है।
(II) कई वाक्यों में too के साथ infinitive का प्रयोग निम्न structure में होता है
too + adjective +a + noun + infinitive
He is too shrewd a man to rely on anybody.
He is too experienced a driver to mind what anybody says.
(III) too + adverb + infinitive:
It is too soon to say whether the plan will run or not.
He cried too loudly to be understood by anyone.
He works too slowly to be much use to her.
too के साथ infinitive का प्रयोग negativity show करता है। इस तरह के वाक्य दैनिक जीवन में बहुत प्रयोग में आते हैं।
10. Infinitive after enough:
(I) Adjective + enough + infinitive :
He is matured enough to take decisions.
She is bold enough to travel by herself.
He is intelligent enough to solve the question.
The ice was thick enough to walk on.
10. Infinitive after enough:
(I) Adjective + enough + infinitive :
He is matured enough to take decisions.
She is bold enough to travel by herself.
He is intelligent enough to solve the question.
The ice was thick enough to walk on.
उपरोक्त वाक्यों में adjective के बाद enough का प्रयोग हुआ है एवं फिर infinitive का प्रयोग हुआ है।
(II) Adverb + enough + infinitive:
He jumped high enough to win the first prize.
He spoke loudly enough to understand by all.
He walked quickly enough to catch the train.
She ran fast enough to catch the bus.
(II) Adverb + enough + infinitive:
He jumped high enough to win the first prize.
He spoke loudly enough to understand by all.
He walked quickly enough to catch the train.
She ran fast enough to catch the bus.
उपरोक्त वाक्यों में high, loudly, quickly, fast: adverbs है ।
11. So... as + infinitive
(a) He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked.
(b) He was so intelligent as to argue without any difficulty.
(c) Would you be so kind as to forward my request?
11. So... as + infinitive
(a) He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked.
(b) He was so intelligent as to argue without any difficulty.
(c) Would you be so kind as to forward my request?
So. ...as के साथ infinitive का प्रयोग सामान्यतया (c) की तरह request हेतु किया जाता है।
12. Repetition को avoid करने के लिए 'to' का प्रयोग निम्न स्थिति में किया जाता है:
Would you like to accompany me? Yes, I love to.
Did you get a book? No, I tried to, but there weren't left any.
Why did you hire a taxi? I had to, I was very late. (d) Does he swim? Not now, but he used to.
Would you like to accompany me? Yes, I love to.
Did you get a book? No, I tried to, but there weren't left any.
Why did you hire a taxi? I had to, I was very late. (d) Does he swim? Not now, but he used to.
उपरोक्त वाक्यों 'to' 'to + infinitive' का कार्य करता दिखाई देता है। Repetition को avoid करने हेतु 'to' का यह महत्त्वपूर्ण प्रयोग है।
13. Infinitive के बाद में only का प्रयोग कर्ता की निराशा (disappointment), हताशा (frustration) को व्यक्त करता है। जैसे:
He hurried to his house only to find his wife dead.
He survived the crash only to die in the hills,
He hurried to the house only to find that it was looted by the thieves.
13. Infinitive के बाद में only का प्रयोग कर्ता की निराशा (disappointment), हताशा (frustration) को व्यक्त करता है। जैसे:
He hurried to his house only to find his wife dead.
He survived the crash only to die in the hills,
He hurried to the house only to find that it was looted by the thieves.
उपरोक्त वाक्यों में infinitive का only के बाद प्रयोग कर्ता की निराशा को व्यक्त करता है।
The Split Infinitives
14. Infinitive के बीच में (to ,एवं infinitive) कोई भी adverb या शब्द लिखना traditional grammar में गलत माना है।लेकिन आजकल बहुत लेखक split of Infinitives को सही मानने लगे हैं। जैसे:
(A) I. He likes to completely cover the floor.
II. He likes to cover the floor completely.
(B) I. He tried to unduly alarm people.
II. He tried to alarm people unduly.
II. He tried to alarm people unduly.
(c) I. The patient should try to, if possible, avoid going up and downstairs.
II. If possible, the patient should try to avoid going up and downstairs.
II. If possible, the patient should try to avoid going up and downstairs.
उपरोक्त वाक्यों में वाक्य II, वाक्य I से ज्यादा सही एवं सुन्दर लगता है। Split of Infinitives को avoid करना ही उचित है।
As per modem grammarians, one adverb may be inserted between the infinitive.
I ask you to kindly grant me one day leave only.
Here insertion of the adverb 'kindly' is well accepted nowadays.
As per modem grammarians, one adverb may be inserted between the infinitive.
I ask you to kindly grant me one day leave only.
Here insertion of the adverb 'kindly' is well accepted nowadays.
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