Prepositions | Some Important Prepositions
Some Important Prepositions
Some Important Prepositions
1. At/In On
These are very commonly used Prepositions:
Note the use of these prepositions in reference to Time.
(i) 'At' is used for a Precise Time.
(ii) 'In' is used for Months, Years, Centuries, and Long Periods.
(iii) 'On' Is used for Days and Dates.
| AT Precise Time |
IN Months, Years, Centuries, and Long Periods |
ON Days and Dates |
|---|---|---|
| at 3 O'clock | in May | on Sunday |
| at 10:30 am | in summer | on Tuesday |
| at noon | in the summer | on 6th March |
| at dinner time | in 1990 | on 25th January 2007 |
| at bedtime | in the 1990s | on Christmas Day |
| at sunrise | in the next century | on Independence Day |
| at sunset | in the Ice Age | on my birthday |
| at the moment | in the past/future | on New Year's Eve |
Look at the following examples:
I have a meeting at 10 am.
That shop closes at midnight.
Richa went home at lunchtime.
Do you think we will go to Saturn in the future?
There should be a lot of progress in the next century
Where will you be on Independence Day?
Do you work on Sundays?
Her birthday is on 26th April.
Note the use of the Preposition of time 'at' in the following expressions:
| Expression | Example |
|---|---|
| at night | The stars shine at night. |
| at the weekend | I don't usually work at the weekend. |
| at Christmas Easter | I stay with my family at Christmas. |
| at the same time | We finished the test at the same time. |
| at present | He's not home at present. Try later, |
Note the use of the Preposition of time 'in' and 'on' in these common expressions:
| In | On |
|---|---|
| in the morning | on Tuesday morning |
| in the morning | on Saturday mornings |
| in the afternoons | on Sunday afternoons |
| in the evening | on Monday evening |
Important
लेकिन last, next, every के साथ At, In या On का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है। जैसे:
I went to Mexico last May. (not in last May)
He's coming back next Sunday. (not on next Sunday)
I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter)
We'll call you this evening, (not in this evening)
Note the use of these Prepositions in reference of 'Place':
At is used for a POINT.
On is used for a SURFACE.
In is used for an Enclosed SPACE.
| At Point |
In Enclosed Space |
On Surface |
|---|---|---|
| at the corner at the bus | in the garden | on the wall |
| at the door stop | in Delhi | on the ceiling |
| at the top of the page | in India | on the door |
| at the end of the road | in a box | on the cover |
| at the entrance | in my pocket | on the floor |
| at the crossroads | in my wallet | on the carpet |
| in a building | on the menu | |
| in a car | on a page |
Look at the following examples
Ruma is waiting for you at the bus stop
The shop is at the end of the lane.
When will you arrive at the school?
I live on the 4th floor at 21 Diamond Street in Kolkata.
Do you work in a company?
I have a meeting in Delhi.
Do you live in India?
Saturn is in the Solar System
The author's name is on the cover of the book.
There are no prices on this menu.
You are standing on my foot.
There was a 'no smoking sign on the wall
Please note that these three Prepositions are most commonly used in writing and speaking, so the students must learn the use of these Prepositions very well.
2. At/In/To/Into
(A) At स्थिर अवस्था के लिए तथा In गतिशील स्थिति हेतु प्रयोग होता है। जैसे:
She is at home.
The train is in motion.
(B) At छोटे स्थान हेतु तथा In बड़े स्थान हेतु प्रयुक्त होता है। जैसे:
He lives at Alwar in Rajasthan.
A temple is situated at Madurai in Tamil Nadu.
(C) At Point of time हेतु तथा An का प्रयोग Period of time हेतु किया जाता है। जैसे:
The train will arrive at 6 am in the morning
He will meet you in the morning.
(D) In/Into: In का प्रयोग पूर्व में ही जब कोई वस्तु अन्दर होती है, उसके लिए, जबकि Into का प्रयोग गति (movement) के लिए किया गया है। जैसे:
There are three students in the class.
He jumped into the river.
(E) To/Into: दोनों का प्रयोग गतिशीलता प्रदर्शित करता है। इनका प्रयोग वाक्य के अर्थ के अनुसार किया जाता है।
To का अर्थ का तथा Into का अर्थ अन्दर होता है। जैसे
He went to market.
He jumped into the well
3. On/To/Onto
on का समय हेतु प्रयोग-
He will come on Monday.
Ram will go on 4th June.
To का स्थान हेतु प्रयोग
He will go to Delhi.
Ram will go to market tomorrow.
On/Onto: On का प्रयोग स्थिरता एवं गतिशीलता दोनों हेतु किया जा सकता है। जैसे
Snow fell on the hills.
He is sitting on his suitcase.
Onto का प्रयोग मुख्य रूप से गतिशीलता (movement) हेतु तब होता है जब level (तल) change यक्त है। जैसे
People climbed onto their roofs.
He lifted her onto the table.
4. With/By
With का प्रयोग Instrument हेतु और By का प्रयोग Agent (कर्ता) हेतु किया जा सकता है। जैसे:
The snake was killed by him with a stick.
The letter was written by Suresh with a pencil.
5. Since/For From
Since का प्रयोग Perfect Tense में होता है। For का प्रयोग Perfect Tense में भी एवं अन्य tense में भी समय की अवधि के लिए होता है। Since का प्रयोग Point of time हेतु जैसे:
Since 6 o'clock/Last night/Last Monday/Since Morning/Evening/Monday/January/2004 etc.
For का प्रयोग अवधि हेतु जैसे: for two hours/two days/two years/a long time/some time etc.
From का प्रयोग 'समय से' कार्य होने के सन्दर्भ में होता है। From का प्रयोग Perfect Tense में नहीं होता, अन्य Tense में होता है। जैसे
He will go to college from next Monday.
It has been raining for two hours.
It has been raining since 2 o'clock
He worked for three hours:
From का प्रयोग स्थान के लिए भी होता है। जैसे:
He is from Mumbai.
Where do you come from?
6. For During
For का प्रयोग सामान्यतया अवधि हेतु तथा During का प्रयोग 'दौरान' के अर्थ में किया जाता है।
He has been ill for three days.
It rained all Sunday but stopped during the night.
जैसे: During childhood, during middle ages, during holidays, during summer vacations; for a month for three days, for 15 years, etc.
For का अर्थ भी 'के लिए' भी होता है अतः अर्थ के अनुसार for का प्रयोग निम्न प्रकार से भी किया जा सकता है: I I went there for summer vacations.
I rented my car for the summer only.
7. Below/Under
दोनों का अर्थ 'नीचे' होता है। सामान्यतया Under द्वारा वस्तु से Physical contact व्यक्त होता है। एवं Below से Contact व्यक्त नहीं होता है। जैसे:
He placed the lamp below the almirah.
He put the books under the pillow.
Under का अर्थ Junior भी होता है।
He is working under me. Or He is under me.
Below का प्रयोग dignity के Reference में भी किया जाता है। जैसे:
It is below his dignity to beg for mercy.
8. In/Within
In का अर्थ होता है में। यह दिये गए समय के अन्तिम बिन्दु को व्यक्त करने में प्रयुक्त होता है इसका तात्पर्य कार्य में लगने वाले समय को व्यक्त करना है।
Within का अर्थ होता है अन्दर-अन्दर। यह दी गई 'समय सीमा' को व्यक्त करता है। Within का प्रयोग तब किया जाता है जब कार्य के उससे पहले ही पूर्ण होने की सम्भावना होती है। जैसे:
I will complete the work in a month.
I can repair the car within two hours.
He will write a book in three months.
He can solve this question within an hour.
9. Ago/Before
Ago का प्रयोग Past की घटनाओं हेतु तथा Before का प्रयोग घटनाओं/कार्यों के सन्दर्भ में किया जाता है। जैसे:
He came three days ago.
The train had left before he reached the station.
10. Beside/Besides
Beside का अर्थ "साथ में/बगल में" होता है। जबकि Besides का अर्थ 'अतिरिक्त' (in addition to) होता है। जैसे:
He was sitting beside Sarla.
He has a car beside a motorcycle.
11. Between/Among
Between का प्रयोग सामान्यतया, दो के मध्य के लिए किया जाता है। Among का प्रयोग, दो से अधिक, के मध्य के सन्दर्भ में किया जाता है।
He distributed his property between his two sons.
He distributed his property among the poor.
Between का प्रयोग दो से अधिक के लिए तब किया जा सकता है जब वे परस्पर आबद्ध (closely associated) हो, जैसे
A treaty was signed between three parties.
He inserted a needle between the close petals of a flower.
12. Among/Amongst
दोनों का प्रयोग दो से अधिक के सन्दर्भ में होता है। यदि इनके बाद वाक्य में 'the' आता है तो किसी (Among/Amongst) का भी प्रयोग किया जाता है, लेकिन इनके बाद स्वर से प्रारम्भ होने वाले शब्द हैं तो Amongst का प्रयोग किया जाता है। Amongst का प्रयोग कम प्रचलित है। जैसे:
He distributed the toffees among/amongst the poor.
He distributed the toffees amongst us.
13. Of/off
Of सम्बन्ध स्थापित करने वाला Preposition जबकि Off से दूर हटने का भाव व्यक्त होता है। जैसे:
He is a member of our family.
She is a member of our society
He is off duty now.
He jumped off the tower.
14. Above/Over
दोनों का अर्थ higher than (ऊँचा) होता है। कई स्थितियों में दोनों में से किसी का भी प्रयोग किया जा सकता है। जैसे:
The helicopter is hovering above/over us.
Flags were waved above/over our heads.
Over कई अर्थो, जैसे: Covering (ढकना), on the other side of (दूसरी तरफ), across (आर-पार); में प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे:
I put a cloth over her.
He lives over this mountain.
There is a bridge over the railway line.
He put a blanket over the dead body.
Over का प्रयोग meal/tea/lunch/drink आदि के सन्दर्भ में निम्न प्रकार किया जा सकता है
We had a chat over a cup of tea.
The matter was decided over lunch.
लेकिन Above का प्रयोग उक्त अर्थों में नहीं किया जाता है।
above का अर्थ earlier या previously' (पूर्व) भी होता है। जैसे:
He lives at the above address. (Previously mentioned)
For details please see (P-1) above (Previously mentioned)
15. Make of/Make from
दोनों से material (सामग्री) का बोध होता है।
Make of का प्रयोग तब होता है जब वस्तु (सामग्री) की अवस्था में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होता है। जैसे:
A notebook is made of paper.
A house is made of bricks.
Make of का प्रयोग तब होता है जब सामग्री की अवस्था बदल जाती है। जैसे:
Butter is made from milk.
Paper is made from grass.
16. In/With
He is writing in ink.
He writes with a pen.
जब Countable noun होता है, तो Instrument हेतु With का प्रयोग होता है। जब Uncountable noun होता है तो in का प्रयोग होता है। With का प्रयोग कई अर्थों में होता है।
साथ-साथ - He is playing with his sister.
कारण - He is trembling with fear.
सम्बन्ध - I have no relation with her.
तरीका - (Manner) He fought with determination.
सहमति - I agree with you.
17. Opposite/In front of
Opposite का प्रयोग विपरीत एवं सामने दोनों अर्थों में होता है। In front of का अर्थ सामने ही होता है।
Ram and Shyam are having a meal.
Ram is sitting at one side of the table and Shyam at the other side. तो हम कहेंगे
Ram is sitting opposite Shyam.
Ram is sitting opposite Shyam.
हम यह नहीं कहेंगे कि Ram is sitting in front of Shyam.
Road के दोनों तरफ के मकानों के लिए भी Opposite का प्रयोग होगा।
His house is opposite to ours.
His house is opposite to ours.
In front of का प्रयोग निम्न प्रकार किया जाता है
He parked the car in front of the hotel.
He put the plates on the table in front of us.
Preposition + Gerund: कुछ verbs एवं adjectives इस प्रकार के होते हैं gerund का प्रयोग होगा। इस तरह की verbs निम्नलिखित है
He parked the car in front of the hotel.
He put the plates on the table in front of us.
Preposition + Gerund: कुछ verbs एवं adjectives इस प्रकार के होते हैं gerund का प्रयोग होगा। इस तरह की verbs निम्नलिखित है
| abstain from | desirous of | pride in |
| afraid of | angry about/at | bad at |
| debar from | proud of | crazy about |
| good at | clever at | successful in |
| desist from | repent of | bent on |
| disqualified from | think of | insist on |
| dissuade (one) from | hopeful of | meditate on |
| prevent from | fortunate in | aim at |
| refrain from | assist in | passion for |
| hinder (one) from | excel in | excuse for |
| prohibit (one) from | negligent in | tired of |
| despair of | perceive in | worried about |
| confident of | persist in | excited about |
| fond of | famous for | interested in |
| glad about | keen on | sick of |
| disappointed about/at | fed up with | succeed in |
| sorry about/ for | happy about/ at |
He prevented me from drinking cold water.
He insisted on trying again.
He was debarred from taking the examination.
He succeeded in achieving his goal.
They are afraid of losing the match.
Ram is angry about walking in the rain.
Prakash is good at working in the garden.
I'm worried about making mistakes.
This girl is crazy about playing tennis.
He is disappointed about seeing such a bad report.
We are excited about making our own film.
I'm fed up with being treated as a child.
She is glad about getting married again.
The children are not happy about seeing a doctor.
Are you interested in writing poems?
She is proud of riding a snowboard.
He's sorry for eating in the class.
Joe is keen on drawing.
We're sick of sitting around like this.
I'm tired of waiting for you.
He is clever at skateboarding.
Sunder is famous for singing songs.
Hina is fond of going to parties.
She is used to smoking.
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