Preposition | Typical Position of Preposition

Preposition वाक्य में ऐसा शब्द है जो सामान्यतया Noun / Pronoun के पूर्व प्रयुक्त होता है
Typical-Position-of-Preposition

Definition of Preposition

Preposition वाक्य में ऐसा शब्द है जो सामान्यतया Noun / Pronoun के पूर्व प्रयुक्त होता है एवं Noun / Pronoun को सम्बन्ध, वाक्य में प्रयुक्त अन्य शब्दों से व्यक्त करता है।

A preposition is a word placed before a Noun or Pronoun, denotes the relation, the person or thing referred by it, has with something else.

इस परिभाषा से Preposition के सम्बन्ध में निम्नलिखित दो बातें स्पष्ट होती हैं:
(1)
Preposition का प्रयोग Noun या Pronoun से पूर्व होता है।
(2) यह Noun या Pronoun का सम्बन्ध, वाक्य में अन्य वस्तु से व्यक्त करता है।

Preposition - Pre (पहले) + Position (स्थिति) अर्थात् जो Noun या Pronoun के पहले प्रयुक्त होता है।

There is one very simple rule about prepositions. And unlike most rules, this rule has no exception. A preposition is followed by a 'Noun'. It is never followed by a Verb.
By 'Noun' we include:

Noun (cat, money, love)
Proper noun (name like India, Mira)
Pronoun (him, you, her, us)
Noun group (my first job)
Gerund (swimming, playing)

A Preposition cannot be followed by a Verb. If we want to follow a Preposition by a verb, we must use the '-ing' form which is really a Gerund or Verb in Noun form.

In the following sentences, why is it followed by a verb? That should be impossible, according to the above rule:

Read the following sentences:
I would like to move now.
He used to smoke.

NOTE
In these sentences, 'to' is not a preposition. It is part of the infinitive to move, to smoke.

Read the following examples
The food is on the table
She lives in China.
Mira is looking for you
The letter is under your black book
I ate before coming.
He is swimming in the river.

उपर्युक्त वाक्यों में underlined words, जो Noun या Pronoun का सम्बन्ध अन्य शब्दों से व्यक्त करते हैं, Prepositions है।

Important

  1. जिस Noun / Pronoun से पूर्व Preposition प्रयुक्त हुआ है, वह Noun / Pronoun, उस Preposition का Object कहलाता है।
  2. सामान्यतया Preposition का प्रयोग Noun / Pronoun (Object) के पूर्व ही किया जाता है।

निम्न स्थितियों (Positions) में preposition इनके बाद या वाक्य के शुरू में भी प्रयुक्त हो सकते हैं।

Typical Position of Preposition

 1.  जब Object-Interrogative Pronoun; जैसे: What, Who, Whom, Which, Where ete; होता है, तो Preposition को वाक्य के अन्त में लगाया जाता है। जैसे:
What are you thinking of?
What is he crying for?
What are you staring at?
Which of these chairs did you sit on?

यहाँ What, Who, Which आदि Interrogative Pronouns, the underlined words Preposition Objects है।

 2.  जब Object-Relative Pronoun, 'that' होता है, तो भी Preposition को वाक्य के अन्त में लगाया जाता है। जैसे:
Here is the magazine that you asked for.
This is the dish that she is fond of
This is the girl that I told you of.
I know the colony that he lives in.

 3.  जब Object-Infinitive हो तो Preposition को Infinitive के बाद लगाया जाता है। जैसे:
This is a good hotel to stay at
I need a pencil to write with
It is a beautiful house to live in.
This is the ball to play with.

 4.  कई वाक्यों में Relative Pronoun, Hidden किया हुआ रहता है। इनमें Preposition अन्त में आता है। जैसे:
This is the house (where) I lived in.
This is the girl (that) I told you of

 5.  कुछ विविध प्रकार के वाक्यों के अन्त में Preposition लगता है जैसे:
I hate being laughed at.
This I insist on.
He likes being looked at.
He is known all the world over.

 6.  कुछ वाक्यों में Preposition का प्रयोग शुरू में ही किया जाता है। सामान्यतया ऐसे वाक्य Interrogative होते हैं। जैसे:
By which train did you come ?
For whom were instructions given?

Kinds of  Preposition

Preposition को मुख्यतया चार भागों में वर्गीकृत किया गया है।

1. Simple Prepositions: 

जैसे: At, in, for, from, of off, on, out, till, to, up, with, through, down, by etc. ये एक शब्द के एवं सामान्यतया काम में आने वाले Prepositions हैं। 

2. Compound Prepositions: 

ये Prepositions, a या be अन्य Preposition के साथ मिलकर बनते हैं। जैसे:

about beside inside
along below outside
amidst beneath within
among between without
aloud beyond underneath

3. Phrasal Prepositions: 

दो या अधिक शब्दों को जोड़कर बनने वाले Prepositions, Phrasal Preposition कहलाते है जैसे:

along with in addition to in place of
because of in case of in spite of
by means of in course of owing to
for the sake of with reference to in comparison to
in favor of with with regard to instead of
in accordance with in respect to according to

4. Participle Prepositions: 

जब वाक्य में Present Participle का प्रयोग बिना Noun / Pronoun के होता है, तो Present Participle एक Preposition की तरह function करता है। जैसे: Concerning, Pending, Regarding, Considering, Touching etc. 
Pending inquiry into the matter, he was transferred from the office.
Considering the quality, the prices are reasonable.

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