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English Grammar

Past Participle: Use

कुछ Past participles का प्रयोग adjectives की तरह ही होता है, verb की past form की तरह नहीं होता है। ऐसे, Past participles है
Past-Participle-Use

Past Participle

 1.  As Adjective: Past Participle का प्रयोग Adjective की तरह किया जाता है। जैसे:
This is a fried fish.
A burnt child dreads the fire.
I need a boiled egg.
Police wanted a written statement.

NOTE
कुछ Past participles का प्रयोग adjectives  की तरह ही होता है, verb की past form की तरह नहीं होता है। ऐसे, Past participles है: drunken, bounden, stricken, shrunken, sunken, molten, shorn, cloven graven. इसे past participle noun को quality कर हैं। जैसे:  
A drunken driver, cloven hoof, graven image, stricken heart sunken ship show sheep, bounden duty.
इस verb की past form, past participle से भिन्नी होती है जैसे:
Drunken Drunk, Moten-Malted bounden-bound show-sheared cloven-curve, given grace, strike
Suck sunken-sunk.
 2.  Past Participle का प्रयोग Perfect Tense में किया जाता है। जैसे:
Ram has arrived. 
They have completed the work.
I have finished my work.
He had gone to Jaipur.

 3.  Past participles का प्रयोग अधिकांशतया passive voice में करते हैं। Past participle का प्रयोग Noun के बाद होता है। जैसे:
This is the book written by me 
Leam the lessons taught by her
He can't forget the favor shown to him.

लेकिन past participles जैसे: born, broken, fallen, given, spoken, stolen, torn, written का प्रयोग verb एवं Adjective दोनों प्रकार से किया जा सकता है।
This is the broken glass,
That is the window broken by the
Police wanted a written statement.
Where is the letter written by her?

 4.  Past Participle का प्रयोग निम्न प्रकार के Passive वाक्यों के स्थान पर भी किया जा सकता है। जैसे:
She was aroused by the noise and leapt to her feet.
Aroused by the noise she leaped to her feet.

The railway bridge had been weakened by successive storms and was no longer safe.
Weakened by successive storms, the railway bridge was no longer safe.
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