The Verbs: Auxiliary Verb to have
Have/Has/Had का प्रयोग, किसी वस्तु पर मालिकाना हक, स्वामित्व (Possession, ownership) व्यक्त करने हेतु निम्न प्रकार किया जाता है।
Auxiliary Verb to have (Have/ Has/ Had)
Have/Has/Had के Tense में प्रयोग के अतिरिक्त अन्य Uses हैं:
1. Have/Has/Had का प्रयोग, किसी वस्तु पर मालिकाना हक, स्वामित्व (Possession, ownership) व्यक्त करने हेतु निम्न प्रकार किया जाता है।
Subject + have/has/had + noun Or Subject + have/has/had + got + noun
Have के साथ got का प्रयोग करने से वाक्य में उस वस्तु का महत्त्व बढ़ जाता है:
I have a car.
I have got a car.
He has a book
He has got a book.
He had a beautiful house.
He had got several good opportunities.
I have a car.
I have got a car.
He has a book
He has got a book.
He had a beautiful house.
He had got several good opportunities.
| NOTE |
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| (i) इस sentence structure का प्रयोग Relationship (सम्बन्ध) को व्यक्त करने हेतु भी किया जाता है। जैसे- Have two sisters She has two sons. Have five friends. They have two brothers. I had two sons. He had a daughter. (ii) इस sentence structure द्वारा किसी व्यकित या वस्तु के पास उसके अनेक भागों के होने को भी व्यक्त किया जा सकता है जैसे- A man has two legs. A cow has four legs. The room has four walls A chair has four legs. Ramesh has six fingers in his right hand. This table has only three. (iii) Have/ had वा प्रयोग take/receive/experience के अर्थ में भी निम्न प्रकार किया जाता है I have my dinner at 9PM. (take) I have my bath in the morning. (take) I had no problem in searching his house. (experience) I had many messages from my past employer. (receive) |
Subject + have/has/had+ infinitive
He has to complete this work today. उसे यह कार्य आज ही पूरा करना है। (अनिवार्यता)
I have to go to Jaipur tomorrow. मुझे कल जयपुर जाना है। (अनिवार्यता)
I had to sell my house. मुझे मकान बेचना पड़ा था। (बाध्यता)
He had to suffer the loss. उसे नुकसान उठाना पड़ा था। (बाध्यता)
He will have to come here. उसे यहां आना पड़ेगा। (बाध्यता))
They will have to obey me. उन्हें मेरी आज्ञा माननी पड़ेगी। (बाध्यता))
इस तरह के वाक्य, अनिवार्यता, बाध्यता को स्पष्ट करते हैं।इस तरह के वाक्य दैनिक जीवन में बहुत प्रयोग में आते हैं। आपको इस structure को अच्छी तरह समझ लेना चाहिए।
3. Have/Has/Had का causative verb की तरह प्रयोग निम्न प्रकार होता है। Causative verb की तरह प्रयोग का अर्थ है, कर्ता स्वयं कार्य नहीं करता है। बल्कि वह कार्य होने का कारण (cause) है। अर्थात् वह दूसरों से कार्य करवाता है। जैसे-
3. Have/Has/Had का causative verb की तरह प्रयोग निम्न प्रकार होता है। Causative verb की तरह प्रयोग का अर्थ है, कर्ता स्वयं कार्य नहीं करता है। बल्कि वह कार्य होने का कारण (cause) है। अर्थात् वह दूसरों से कार्य करवाता है। जैसे-
I had him punished for his negligence.
I have a house built by her.
Suresh has his thesis written by somebody.
I had my book published.
इस तरह के वाक्यों में get/made का भी प्रयोग किया जाता है। आगे 'caustive verb' में यह बताया गया है।
4. Have been/has been का निम्न प्रकार के structure में प्रयोग देखें-
4. Have been/has been का निम्न प्रकार के structure में प्रयोग देखें-
Subject + have/has been + noun (noun with preposition)
I have been a professor.
He has been a banker.
I have been to the USA.
He has been a banker.
I have been to the USA.
उपरोक्त वाक्य यह स्पष्ट करते हैं कि भूतकाल में वह व्यक्ति एक Professor, Banker रह चुका है लेकिन अब नहीं है।
I have been to the USA.
इस वाक्य का अर्थ है कि मै अमेरिका रह चुका हूँ लेकिन अब वहाँ नहीं हूँ।
I have been to the USA.
इस वाक्य का अर्थ है कि मै अमेरिका रह चुका हूँ लेकिन अब वहाँ नहीं हूँ।
See the difference between the following sentences:
He has been to the USA.
He has gone to the USA.
दूसरे वाक्य का अर्थ है कि वह अमेरिका जा चुका है या तो वहाँ पहुँच चुका है या रास्ते में है।
5. Verbs; expect, hope, wish, want etc. के साथ had का प्रयोग past perfect में, ऐसी past इच्छाओं को वक्त करता है जो पूर्ण नहीं हुई। जैसे:
I had expected to pass IAS. (but I didn't pass)
I had hoped to meet her at the party. (but I didn't meet her)
6. Have/had के साथ had का प्रयोग देखने को मिलता है।
I have had my lunch.
He has had her breakfast.
She had had her breakfast early in the morning
He will have had his lunch by now.
उपरोक्त वाक्यों में पहले have या had का प्रयोग present perfect या past perfect के अनुसार होता है तथा दूसरा had का प्रयोग verb की III form (जो present/past perfect में लगानी आवश्यक है) की तरह (have= take के लिये) हुआ है।
7. Have /has/had के साथ negative एवं Interrogative वाक्य निम्न प्रकार से बनाये जा सकते हैं.
7. Have /has/had के साथ negative एवं Interrogative वाक्य निम्न प्रकार से बनाये जा सकते हैं.
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I have a pen. | I have no pen. I don't have a pen. |
I have a pen? Do I have a pen? |
| She has a car. | She has no car. She doesn't have a car. |
Has she a car? Does she have a car? |
| He had a house. | He hadn't a house. He did not have a house. |
Had he a house? Did he have a house? |
They are having a party.
I am having a difficult time nowadays
She is having a nice time with her husband.
I am having a difficult time nowadays
She is having a nice time with her husband.
9. Use of had better
निम्न वाक्यों को देखें
I had better talk to him at once.
(This would be a good thing to do or the best thing to do.)
You had better not miss the train.
(It would be unwise to miss the train.)
ध्यान रखे:
Not का प्रयोग यहाँ better के बाद हुआ है।
You had better go.
(It would be best for you to go. Or advise you to go.)
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