The Verbs | Primary Auxiliary Verbs | to be form of Verbs

Is /Am/ Are, ing verbs का प्रयोग Present Tense में तथा was/were का प्रयोग Past Tense में होता है। Is का प्रयोग Present Tense में singular number, third person "Subject" के साथ होता है। Am का प्रयोग केवल I के साथ होता है। Are/were का प्रयोग Plural Subject के साथ होता है। Was का प्रयोग Past Tense में Singular Subject के साथ होता है।

इन Auxiliaries का प्रयोग present/past continuous के Affirmative/ Negative Interrogative वाक्यों में होता है इसके लिये Tense का अध्याय देखें। इनका प्रयोग Active/Passive, Direct/Indirect Structures में भी होता है। 

Use of to be form of Verbs in Various Sentence Structures

1. Subject +is /am/are/was/were +noun/pronoun:

He is a boy.
She is a girl.
They are students.
We were friends.
I am a man.
You are a sportsman
It was me.
It is mine.
These shirts are not of my size.
They were partners.

उपरोक्त वाक्यों में Auxiliary verbs के साथ noun /pronoun का प्रयोग हुआ है।

2. Wh word + is/am/are + subject

What is that?
Who is that?
What age is he?
What are apples today?
(What are apples 'means' what price are apples?)
What is your father?
Who is he?

इस तरह के वाक्यों मे Wh words से प्रश्न किया गया है।

3. Subject + is/am/are/was/were + adjective:

She is asleep.
He is ready.
It was dark.
Sita is a beauty.
The students were exhausted.
I was happy.

इस तरह के वाक्यों में Auxiliary verbs (to be) के साथ adjective का प्रयोग होता है।

4. Subject+ is/am/are/was/were + preposition + adjective/possessive pronoun 

Auxiliary to be का प्रयोग निम्न प्रकार के वाक्य बनाने में भी किया जाता है।
Sita is in good health now.
We are all fully tired.
They were out of breath (breathless).
At last, he was at liberty (free).
This gift is for you
I am quite well.
Everything is in place.
The car was in good condition.

5. Subject + to be form verb + to-infinitive

He is to come on Sunday. (उसे रविवार को आना है।)
I am to complete this work. (मुझे यह कार्य पूरा करना है।)
They are to assemble in the hall. (उन्हें हाल में एकत्र होना है।)
They were to attend the party. (उन्हें पार्टी में उपस्थित होना था।)
He was to go to Jaipur. (उसे जयपुर जाना था।)
Sita was to come here. (सीता को यहाँ आना था।)
Who is to blame? (किसे दोष देना है?)
That house is to let. (वह मकान किराये पर देना है।)
It is a very important structure used in daily routine.

6. There के साथ Auxiliary to be का प्रयोग एक महत्वपूर्ण वाक्य संरचना है। 

जैसे :  There + is/am/are/was/were + subject Or 

There + is/am/are/was/were + subject + adverbial adjective

ये दोनों sentence structure का English writing एवं speaking में काफी प्रयोग होता है। जैसे:
There is a cow. (वहाँ एक गाय हैं।)
There was a large crowd. (वहाँ बहुत भीड़ थी।)
There are three tables in the room. (कमरे में तीन मेज हैं।)
There were three persons. (वहाँ तीन आदमी थे।)
There is a girl waiting for you. (वहाँ एक लड़की तुम्हारा इन्तजार कर रही है।)
There are several hotels in this town. (इस कस्बे में कई होटल है।)

7. It + be + adjective/noun + to infinitive

जब वाक्य का Subject एक Infinitive (+to) के रूप में होता है, तो निम्न Sentence structure का प्रयोग उचित
लगता है। To meet you is nice की जगह It is nice to meet you लिखना एवं बोलना ज्यादा उचित है। जैसे:

It is so nice to walk here with you.
It was a pleasant surprise to talk with her.
It is a mistake to ignore their advice.
It is so wonderful to swim here with you.

8. How/What + adjective/noun + (it +be) + to infinitive 

जब उक्त वाक्यों को How/what का प्रयोग करके exclamatory वाक्यों में परिवर्तन किया जाता है तो ऐसे वाक्यो का structure निम्न होता है

How nice to walk here with you!
What a pleasant surprise to talk with her!
What a mistake to ignore their advice!
How wonderful to swim here with you!

9. It+(to be form) + adjective/noun + gerund 

जब वाक्य का Subject एक gerund या gerundial phrase होता है तो It का प्रयोग करते हुए निम्न Structure प्रयुक्त होता है 

It is so nice walking here with you.
It is wonderful lying on the beach all day.
It was worthwhile running that lady club last year.
It's no good crying over spilled milk.

10. Subject + to be form of verb+ clause (subject complement)

जब वाक्य में Clause, Subject के complement के रूप में प्रयुक्त हो, ( अ्थात् बिना clause के subject को पूर्णता नहीं मिले), ऐसे वाक्यों का structure निम्न होता है :

The trouble is (that) all hotels are shut. 

Is this what you are searching for?
This is where she works.
Everything was as we had left it.
Underline part, 1 subject complement, clause है।

11. It + to be form of verb + noun/adjective + clause (as subject)

जब वाक्य में clause एक subject की तरह प्रयुक्त हो तो सामान्यतया that को omit किया जाता है एवं वाक्य का structure निम्न होता है:

It is time you started.
It is doubtful whether he would be able to attend the function.
It was a mystery how the thieves entered the house.
It is good news you have found a job.

12. Subject+is/am/are/was/were + adverbial adjunct

Auxiliary verb to be का प्रयोग निम्न प्रकार के वाक्य बनाने में भी किया जाता है

He is here in the room.
The magazine you are looking for is here on the table.
It's there is the library.
My house is near the post office.
Was anything up there in the hall?
The index is on page 6.